What is the purpose of the inner ear?

The inner ear plays a crucial role in both hearing and balance. Its primary function in hearing is to convert sound waves, which enter the ear, into neural signals that the brain can interpret. This process occurs through specialized structures, such as the cochlea, which contains hair cells that move in response to sound vibrations, ultimately transforming these mechanical waves into electrical signals.

In addition to its auditory function, the inner ear is also responsible for maintaining balance through its vestibular system, which includes the semicircular canals and otolith organs. These structures detect changes in head position and motion, sending information to the brain to help maintain equilibrium.

This dual functionality distinguishes the inner ear as a vital component of the auditory and vestibular systems, highlighting why the correct answer identifies its role in converting sound waves into neural signals and maintaining balance. Other choices, while related to aspects of hearing, do not encompass the full scope of the inner ear's essential capabilities.