What type of medication is mannitol classified as?

Mannitol is classified as an osmotic diuretic, which means it works by increasing the osmolarity of the blood and renal tubular fluid. This osmotic effect draws water into the urine, leading to increased urine output. It is commonly used in clinical settings to reduce intracranial pressure, facilitate the excretion of certain toxic substances, and manage acute kidney injury. This mechanism of action differentiates it significantly from medications in other categories. For example, anticoagulants are used to prevent blood clots, beta blockers reduce heart rate and blood pressure, and antidepressants manage symptoms of depression. Understanding the classification of mannitol is crucial, particularly in scenarios where rapid changes in fluid balance are necessary for patient care.