Which part of the eye is primarily affected by age-related macular degeneration?

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) primarily affects the macula, which is the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed central vision. This condition leads to a gradual loss of central vision, making it difficult for individuals to perform tasks that require fine visual acuity, such as reading, driving, or recognizing faces. While peripheral vision, night vision, and color vision may be affected in different ways by other eye conditions or diseases, AMD specifically compromises the central vision due to damage to the macula. Therefore, the correct answer highlights the specific impact of AMD on visual functionality.